NCJ Number
77365
Editor(s)
W Stein
Date Published
1981
Length
64 pages
Annotation
This booklet describes how the U.S. criminal justice system works, with attention to the rights of suspects and defendants at each stage of criminal or civil procedure.
Abstract
The introduction presents a brief history of the justice system starting with its foundations in English common law; an explanation of the constitutional aspects of criminal justice and the main ideas behind American practices; and an overview of the components of the criminal justice system. The discussion then turns to classes and types of crimes; the jurisdiction and organization of both the Federal and State court systems; and various aspects of trial by jury, including the selection of jurors and types of juries. A brief review of constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures is followed by information on search warrants; on searches of cars, persons, and homes; and on proper behavior during police searches. A description of arrest procedures covers suspects' rights, arraignment, bail, the preliminary hearing, plea bargaining, and arbitration. Trial and sentencing procedures receive attention and defendants' rights, appeal, probation and parole, and civil disability are explained. The selection and responsibilities of lawyers in criminal cases also receive attention. Finally, the text focuses on victims and witnesses, providing suggestions for reporting crimes and for testifying before the police and in court. Moreover, means of victim assistance are reviewed, and the special problems faced by victims of rape and family violence receive consideration. Glossaries accompany the chapters. Photographs, illustrations, and a 10-item, selected-reading list are included.