Who Has These Weapons? (From Chemical and Biological Warfare: A Comprehensive Survey For the Concerned Citizen, P 19-61, 2002, by Eric Croddy, Clarisa Perez-Armendariz, et al, -- See NCJ-192083)

• NCJ Number: 192085
• Author(s): Eric Croddy; Clarisa Perez-Armendariz; John Hart
• Date Published: 2002
• Length: 43 pages
• Sale Source: Copernicus Books
• Publication Format: Book Chapter
• Publication Type: Research Paper
• Language: English
• Country: United States of America

Annotation

This chapter discusses the nations that have chemical and biological warfare capabilities and describes the particular agents they possess or may possess.

Abstract

The chapter includes a brief account of chemical warfare in World War II, during the Cold War, the post-World War II era, and the Korean War. Countries known or believed to possess a chemical and biological warfare (CBW) capability and some of the agents they may possess include: (1) Iraq (mustard, "dusty" mustard aerosol, Lewisite, tabun, sarin, cyclosarin (GF), VX, hydrogen cyanide with an additive to make it more persistent, anthrax, botulinum toxin, ricin, and aflatoxin); (2) Iran (mustard, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, sarin, tabun, and V-type nerve agents); (3) Syria (sarin, VX); (4) Egypt (numerous chemical weapon precursors, anthrax, botulinum, plague, cholera, tularemia, glanders, meliodosis, brucellosis, psitacosis, Q-fever, Japanese B encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and smallpox); (5) Libya (still in the research and development stage); (6) Israel (anthrax, botulinum toxin, tularemia, plague, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Q-fever); and (7) North Korea (sarin (GB), tabun (GA), soman (GD), VX, VM, phosgene, mustard, cyanogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, diphosgene, Adamsite (diphenylaminochloroarsine, DA), BZ, diphenylchloroarsine (DA), phosgene oxime (CX), anthrax, botulism, and plague). The chapter also discusses situations in South Korea, China, Taiwan, South Africa, Cuba, and sub-state actors. Figures, table, notes