What Explains Persistent Racial Disproportionality in Minnesota's Prison and Jail Populations? (From Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 38, P 201-280, 2009, Michael Tonry, ed., - See NCJ-242171)

• NCJ Number: 242175
• Author(s): Richard S. Frase
• Date Published: 2009
• Length: 80 pages
• Sale Source: University of Chicago Press
• Publication Format: Book Chapter
• Publication Type: Issue Overview
• Language: English
• Country: United States of America

Annotation

This essay provides a State-level analysis of racial disparities at all stages of arrest and imprisonment in Minnesota's criminal justice system.

Abstract

Racial disparity in prison and jail populations, measured by the ratio of Black to White per capita incarceration rates, varies substantially from State to State. To understand these variations, researchers must examine disparity at earlier stages of the criminal process and also racial differences in socioeconomic status that help explain disparity in cases entering the system. Researchers must adjust disparity ratios to correct for limitations in available data and in studies of prior incarceration rates. Minnesota has one of the highest Black/White incarceration ratios. Disparities at the earliest measureable stages of Minnesota's criminal process - arrest and felony convictions - are as great as the disparity in total custody (prison plus jail) populations. Disparities are substantially greater in prison sentences imposed and prison populations than at arrest and conviction. The primary reason is the heavy weight sentencing guidelines give to offenders' prior conviction records. Highly disparate arrest rates appear to reflect unusually high rates of socioeconomic disparity between Black and White residents. (Published Abstract)