NCJ Number
81428
Date Published
1981
Length
25 pages
Annotation
This report discusses tactics used by terrorists in perpetrating attacks on persons in vehicles, presents case studies of classic attacks, and considers possible preventive and defensive responses.
Abstract
The attacks are carried out for purposes of kidnapping or assassination. Carlos Marighela, author of the 'Handbook of Urban Guerrilla Warfare,' (widely known as the 'mini-manual') lists advantages which the urban guerilla possesses (which are relevant to vehicular attacks): surprise, superior knowledge of the terrain, greater mobility, superior information, and greater decisiveness. Attacks on vehicles are well-planned operations with specific objectives in mind. The planning involves the identification of specific target victims, study of street and road maps to develop approaches and safe exit routes, manpower and logistic considerations, and decisions about what will be done to the (kidnap) victim after capture. Extensive surveillance of the potential victim's habitual travel routes and schedules is a prerequisite to a successful attack. Just as with any military action, the terrorist seeks to develop a plan which will provide the maximum probability of success with the minimum of risk. To achieve this desired outcome, terrorists select what they consider to be the most propitious site, the most appropriate time, and apply more than adequate resources. With the element of surprise on their side, they hope to effectively control the situation. Techniques used in a killing attack and in a kidnap attack are outlined. An analysis of 22 actual incidents of terrorist attacks on vehicles leads to several conclusions, including the following: the attacks most often occur near the victims' homes or on routes they habitually take; the amount of force used by the terrorists will be more than sufficient to overcome anticipated resistance; and when bodyguards are present, they will be the the first, immediate victims of the attackers. Security measures against these attacks include preventive behavior, vehicle security, and security guards. These measures are explained in detail. Photographs, diagrams, and footnotes are supplied.