NCJ Number
              98699
          Journal
  Journal of Quantitative Criminology Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Dated: (June 1985) Pages: 191-218
Date Published
  1985
Length
              28 pages
          Annotation
              This study uses a method adopted from labor econometrics to test for racial differences in the certainty and severity of punishment among Federal offenders.
          Abstract
              The paper describes the methodology of residual discrimination and applies it to measures, such as punishment, where the dependent variable is truncated, bounded, or otherwise limited in the range of values it can assume. A test for the effect of equal punishment on recidivism is constructed. The methodology is then applied to the Federal Parole Board's data set on all Federal felony offenders released from adult correctional institutions in 1972. The findings indicate that blacks served in excess of 5 more months in prison compared to identically qualified whites. The analysis demonstrates that this punishment severity disparity cannot be justified on the grounds that blacks are more criminal or are more likely to recidivate. There were no racial disparities in the certainty of punishment, but racial differentials in preprison employment experiences were revealed. Tabular study data and 41 references are provided.