NCJ Number
186687
Journal
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Dated: 1999 Pages: 13-21
Date Published
1999
Length
9 pages
Annotation
Part XXIV of the Canadian Criminal Code, under which certain offenders may be designated "dangerous offenders," has recently been revised; this article provides a summary of the changes and legislation as it now stands and reviews the role of the mandated expert witness.
Abstract
According to the Canadian Criminal Code, a "dangerous offender" is "a person who has committed one of the specified serious personal injury offenses and has manifest either a pattern of repetitive behavior that shows a failure of restraint and a likelihood of causing harm to others; a pattern of persistent aggressive behavior showing a substantial degree of indifference to others; any behavior that compels the conclusion that future behavior is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of restraint; or conduct that has shown a failure to control sexual impulses and a likelihood of causing harm to others through a similar failure in the future." Under Bill C-55, changes for psychiatry are reference to "an assessment performed by experts" rather than the testimony of two psychiatrists; the addition of a new category of high-risk offender; a change in the initial review for full parole of dangerous offenders from 3 to 7 years; and reduced concern with treatability. Under these changes it is implied that expert testimony in Canadian dangerous-offender hearings should not address the ultimate issue of dangerousness; rather, it should focus on the mental state and personality of the offender. Psychometric assessments of risk may supplement a psychiatric assessment, but should not replace it. This paper discusses in detail the determination of "dangerous" and the substantiation of expert opinion through cross-examination of expert witnesses in dangerous-offender hearings. 69 notes