NCJ Number
111582
Journal
Federal Probation Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Dated: (June 1986) Pages: 32-41
Date Published
1986
Length
10 pages
Annotation
Massachusetts has recently implemented an experimental intensive probation supervision (IPS) program that provides a case study in premeditated change management.
Abstract
In 1975, probation in the State could be described as a street level bureaucracy characterized by decentralization and an emphasis on rehabilitation and personality. In 1985, probation is characterized by risk control and community protection, centralization, and standards. Future directions for probation reform will probably include increased concern for victims, probation officer specialization, and computerization. The current pilot program emphasizes thorough assessment of offender risks and needs, surveillance and control, addressing those needs most clearly related to criminal behaviors, and identification and involvement of community resources. As part of an ongoing evaluation, resistances to change among key IPS actors were assessed. Resistance techniques identified included limit-testing, ritualism, retreatism, inertia, noncompliance, rebellion, and denial of ownership. To overcome these resistances several strategies were effected, including dissemination of information, training workshops, provision of technical assistance, and improved communication among researchers, staff, and administrators. 3 tables, 1 figure, and 13 references.