This report examined the efforts and importance of integrating computer mapping technologies and techniques with community and problem-oriented policing philosophies in the prevention of crime.
Technological advances in computer crime mapping brought a geographic focus to the center of crime prevention practice and policy. Many innovations by proponents of community and problem-oriented policing philosophies require a geographic focus emphasizing the importance of integrating computer mapping technologies and techniques into processes such as personnel allocation and problem-solving. Through the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), funding was provided for the development of computer mapping technologies to facilitate police departments in their efforts to gain the benefits of technological advances and support community and problem oriented policing in a number of local jurisdictions. Technical assistance was provided by the Police Foundation to agencies funded by the COPS office to help agencies overcome problems in implementation and ongoing use of crime mapping in community policing and problem solving. This assistance began with a needs assessment of local jurisdictions regarding geographic information system (GIS) development and computer mapping and problem oriented, community-policing integration. Three surveys were conducted in order to explore and identify department needs. The first survey was conducted to establish contact with persons involved in computer mapping in 51 police departments. The second survey's goal was to gain new information about department needs and uses of computer mapping. In the third and final survey of the 51 departments, focus was placed on learning about the nature and extent of the integration of computer mapping into problem oriented and community policing practices. Survey results indicated that mapping had many uses ranging from routing to resource allocation, although most departments used the technology for limited purposes. A common theme that emerged from the survey was a need for customized mapping applications. In conclusion, the dilemma faced by agencies was the enormous investment in setting up easy-to-use geographic information systems accessible to those with limited training and skills. Recommendations suggested the importance of technical assistance and training in the development of successful mapping programs. Appendices A through D and tables