NCJ Number
84936
Date Published
1982
Length
22 pages
Annotation
General characteristics of implementing structures for a public program are delineated, along with theories of implementation and 'backward mapping,' a mode of analysis that starts at the ground level of implementation systems and focuses on the exercise of discretion.
Abstract
The implementation structures comprise a decentralized system of relatively autonomous agencies that exercise a good deal of control over their own affairs. Decentralization is especially pronounced in the juvenile justice system, with its strong traditions of local control, independent courts, and associated social welfare agencies and service providers that have their own organizational needs and agendas. This implementation is characterized by the reciprocity of relations between its component parts rather than by the exercise of control from above. While differing among themselves in emphasis, implementation theorists focus on the importance of the characteristics and processes of the implementing agencies and the relationships between them. Lack of coherence in the causal theory underlying the statutes and conflicting or ambiguous policy objectives are often cited as major problems in implementation. Implementation success will be increased to the extent to which statutory objectives are clear and ranked in importance. Like conventional implementation analysis, backward mapping is concerned with outcomes but starts with the field-level officials and agencies that are responsible for the actual delivery of services and examines the problem of trying to achieve changes in output from the perspective of those with the responsibility for implementing the desired changes.