NCJ Number
99833
Date Published
1984
Length
292 pages
Annotation
Based on data from seven U.S. maximum-security institutions with average daily populations over 1,000, this study examines the impact of staff-inmate ratios on prison safety and climate.
Abstract
The tested hypotheses are that higher staff-inmate ratios are important in improving the safety and morale of inmates and staff. The study used seven sites: Ellis Unit, Texas; New York State Prison, Auburn, N.Y.; Oregon State Prison; Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary; Minnesota State Prison, Stillwater, Minn.; Somers Correctional Institution, Conn.; and Folsom State Prison, Calif. Data were obtained from 1976-80 budgets, staff counts, and performance data. Interviews were conducted with management personnel, line staff, and inmates, and questionnaires were administered to inmates, correctional officers, and work supervisors. The effects of staff-inmate ratios were assessed in the areas of public safety, internal prison safety, work and self-improvement opportunities, and a climate conducive to their achievement. Public safety was measured by the escape rate, and internal safety was determined by rates of inmate assault, staff assault, inmate homicide, staff homicide, and disciplinary reports. Inmate idleness was measured by the percentage of inmates available for assignment but not assigned. Six factors were measured to determine institutional climate: density/overcrowding, safety/security, freedom of movement, staff morale, inmate morale, and program activities. A comparison of the prisons indicates that staff-inmate ratios are not central in determining prison safety and climate. No ideal staffing pattern was revealed. Staffing patterns must be assessed and determined according to the needs of each institution. Tabular data are provided, and study instruments are appended. A 26-item bibliography is included.