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Forensic Significance of Glass Composition and Refractive Index Measurements

NCJ Number
183371
Journal
Journal of Forensic Sciences Volume: 44 Issue: 3 Dated: May 1999 Pages: 496-503
Author(s)
Robert D. Koons Ph.D.; JoAnn Buscaglia M.S.
Date Published
May 1999
Length
8 pages
Annotation
This article evaluates the frequency distributions of refractive index and the concentrations of 10 elements in 204 glass specimens received as evidence in casework.
Abstract
These data were used to estimate the probability of randomly selecting, from a general population, a glass specimen that is indistinguishable in all measured characteristics from a given glass specimen. For each of the 20,706 pairwise comparisons of the 204 specimens, the two specimens were analytically distinguishable. The use of highly discriminating analytical methods for comparing trace evidence and the corresponding low probability of two unrelated glass specimens being indistinguishable eliminates the need to collect extensive databases for the purpose of making exact probability calculations. The approaches in this paper were applied to glass evidence because robust data were available for that material. However, the same approaches can be used for other types of trace evidence. Figures, tables, references