NCJ Number
215135
Journal
Journal of Forensic Sciences Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Dated: July 2006 Pages: 736-739
Date Published
July 2006
Length
4 pages
Annotation
This review of the original literature on the categorization of methods for measuring facial characteristics examines the accuracy of these categorizations.
Abstract
In the English literature, methods of approximating facial characteristics have been commonly classified as "Russian," "American," or "Combination." These categorizations are based on the protocols used. The "American" method of measurement is characterized as using average soft-tissue depths; whereas, "Russian" methods require facial muscle construction. Literature searches in German publications, however, found key papers that showed the description of the "Russian" method was not accurate. In fact, Russian methods are based on limited facial muscle construction, with heavy reliance on modified average soft-tissue depths. A closer analysis of the American method also shows inconsistencies with the stereotypical classification scheme. This review of the original literature and literature on current methods of facial approximation incorporates both approaches (American and Russian). Actual methods were found to vary along a "combination" technique continuum, with all methods relying on soft-tissue depth information and anatomical knowledge to some degree. Consequently, the terms "American" and "Russian" are imprecise and inappropriate and should not be used. A better way is for practitioners to describe the methods they use, including the weight given to average soft-tissue depth and deep facial tissue construction, without labeling the method by any categorical name. 1 table, 3 figures, and 29 references