NCJ Number
172479
Journal
Gazette Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Dated: (April 1998) Pages: 22-25
Date Published
1998
Length
4 pages
Annotation
After reviewing the history of Chinese triads, this article considers the extent and characteristics of triads in Canada, as well as the need for interagency cooperation in addressing the triad problem.
Abstract
Triads date back to 1674, when secret societies were formed to overthrow the Chinese Manchurians and restore the Ming Dynasty to power; over the course of several centuries, triads evolved from a patriotic movement into a criminal organization. The Hong Kong-based triads of 14K and Luen Kung Lok have a historical presence in Canada, and members of the San Yee On, Wo Hop To, Wo On Lok are also active across the country. Although undetected in some areas, triads are believed to exist and operate in nearly every Chinatown in Canada. Common triad crimes include extortion, murder, kidnapping, illegal gambling, prostitution, pornography, criminal damage, blackmail, arson, assault loan sharking, criminal intimidation, and street-level drug trafficking. Triads differ from traditional organized crime due to their elaborate system rituals and traditions. At one time, triad initiation ceremonies lasted up to 3 days. In dealing with victims and members of triad societies, it is important to have a broader understanding and appreciation for the Chinese way of life. Chinese festivals are prominent in the Chinese culture and are well-attended by the Chinese community, both in Canada and in Hong Kong. Understanding Chinese names is also an asset when investigating Asian-based crime. Other topics discussed are the questioning of a triad member and triad jargon. The article notes that increased interagency cooperation and a greater understanding of the triad subculture are useful steps in countering triad crime.