NCJ Number
145247
Journal
Law and Order Volume: 41 Issue: 10 Dated: (October 1993) Pages: 90-93
Date Published
1993
Length
4 pages
Annotation
The use of new chemical agents on the market may represent an alternative to the lethal use of force by police officers, but police departments need to establish policies that reflect medical and tactical considerations associated with chemical agent use.
Abstract
Two general theories concern when the use of chemical agents is justified. The first theory, known as "One Plus One," stipulates that the use of intermediate weapons or chemical agents should be restricted to situations where police officers believe their skills in empty hand control will not be sufficient to affect the arrest. This theory requires that police officers attempt empty hand control techniques on passive and defensive resistance before using chemical agents. The second theory, referred to as "Total Control," advocates the use of intermediate weapons or chemical agents for any level of physical resistance. Proponents of this theory claim that using chemical agents to deter any aggression will minimize the need for empty hand control training. In evaluating which theory is most appropriate, police administrators should realize no case law advocates one theory over another. Although chemical agent manufacturers generally claim their products are safe, documented medical research on and validation of specific products is almost nonexistent. Tactical considerations in use of chemical agents and their effectiveness are discussed.