DNA was isolated from blood cells, bloodstains, hair roots, buccal cells, sperm-containing postcoital vaginal swabs, and bone tissue by the proteinase K digestion and phenol-chloroform extraction methods. DNA quantity and quality were assessed by ultraviolet visualization of ethidium-bromide-stained agarose minigels following submarine electrophoresis. DNA quantity was also estimated by a spectrophotofluorometric method. Testing was carried out using PCR protocols that employed Thermophilus aquaticus and Thermus flavis thermostable DNA polymerases. It was found that X and Y sequences could be coamplified under some of the PCR conditions employed. Monomorphic sequences in the 3'-apolipoprotein B gene (designated H) and in an alpha-satellite higher order repeat on Chromosome 17 (p17H8, D17Z1) were likewise amplified in the specimens. Amplification of the X, H, and D17Z1 sequences were primate-specific among the common animals tested and thus provided species of origin information about a specimen. It was also determined that X and Y sequence amplification can provide information about the sex of origin. The authors suggest that amplification of X and D17Z1 or H sequences may provide "relaxed" and "stringent" controls for appropriate PCR amplification tests on forensic science specimens. 40 references and 9 figures (Author abstract modified)
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