Building on theories that address the production of inequality in institutional settings, this study hypothesized that U.S. Attorneys' offices that were more proactive in charging defendants with crack, relative to other kinds of drugs and case strength and seriousness, would demonstrate higher rates of Black-White racial inequality in case outcomes across the entire criminal caseload. Consistent with theories of institutional racism, the study found that aggressive crack prosecutions at the district level were a strong predictor of Black-White inequality in conviction rates across the entire criminal caseload, and a much more modest predictor of inequality in final sentence outcomes. This study concludes with a discussion of the importance of organizational-level empirical analyses for a more effective identification of the conditions under which inequality can and does flourish in legal settings. Suggestions are offered for future lines of inquiry along these lines. (publisher abstract modified)
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