In this paper, the authors seek to describe the WHNS design, methods, strengths and limitations as well as select demographic and health-related characteristics of participants; the article lays out the research methodology, study eligibility and design, study implementation, analysis and weighting, results, participant characteristics, and discussion of limitations and findings.
The Women’s Health Needs Study (WHNS) collected information on the health characteristics, needs, and experiences, including female genital mutilation (FGM) experiences, attitudes, and beliefs, of women aged 18 to 49 years who were born, or whose mothers were born, in a country where FGM is prevalent but are living in the US. The purpose of this paper is to describe the WHNS design, methods, strengths and limitations, as well as select demographic and health-related characteristics of participants. The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey from November 2020 –June 2021 in four US metropolitan areas, using a hybrid venue-based sampling (VBS) and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approach to identify women for recruitment. Of 1,132 participants, 395 were recruited via VBS and 737 RDS. Most were born, or their mothers were born, in either a West African country (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, The Gambia) (39.0 percent) or Ethiopia (30.7 percent). More than a third were aged 30–39 years (37.5%) with a majority who immigrated at ages ≥13 years (86.6 percent) and had lived in the United States for ≥5 years (68.9 percent). Medicaid was the top health insurer (52.5 percent), followed by private health insurance (30.5 percent); 17 percent of participants had no insurance. Nearly half of women reported 1–2 healthcare visits within the past 12 months (47.7 percent). One in seven did not get needed health care due to cost (14.8 percent). Over half had ever used contraception (52.1 percent) to delay or avoid pregnancy and 76.9 percent had their last pelvic and/or Papanicolaou (pap) exam within the past 3 years. More than half experienced FGM (55.0 percent). Nearly all women believed that FGM should be stopped (92.0 percent). The VBS/RDS approach enabled recruitment of a diverse study population. WHNS advances research related to the health characteristics, needs, and experiences of women living in the US from countries where FGM is prevalent. (Published Abstract Provided)