U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.

NCJRS Virtual Library

The Virtual Library houses over 235,000 criminal justice resources, including all known OJP works.
Click here to search the NCJRS Virtual Library

Uniforms Affect the Accuracy of Children's Eyewitness Identification Decisions

NCJ Number
231494
Journal
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Dated: January 2010 Pages: 59-73
Author(s)
Joseph A. Lowenstein; Hartmut Blank; James D. Sauer
Date Published
January 2010
Length
15 pages
Annotation
This study investigated the impact of a lineup administrator's uniform on children's identification performance in target-present and target-absent lineups.
Abstract
A substantial proportion of line-up identifications involving child eyewitnesses in the United Kingdom are conducted by police officers wearing uniform. This study examined the possibility that wearing a uniform constitutes an authority cue that adversely affects a child's ability to make accurate eyewitness identifications. Sixty participants aged 9-10 years old witnessed a staged crime and were later asked to identify a 'burglar' from a simultaneous line-up using a 2 (uniform: present vs. absent) 2 (target: present vs. absent) design. Children in the uniform present conditions made significantly more choices than children in the uniform absent conditions. More importantly, in the presence of a uniform, children made significantly more false identifications in target-absent line-ups. Analysis of supplementary, identification-related variables (identification time and confidence, state anxiety) suggested that (1) the children experienced uncertainty if the target was absent from the line-up, but (2) this uncertainty was not expressed when the line-up administrator wore a uniform, leading to an increase in false identifications. Implications for line-up administration procedures for children are discussed. Tables and references (Published Abstract)