NCJ Number
128080
Date Published
1991
Length
431 pages
Annotation
This text provides an overview of the history and current functions of probation and parole in criminal justice in the United States.
Abstract
Information sources include both research literature and material from probation and parole agencies and staff throughout the country. The evolution of definitions of crime and criminal is traced with emphasis on the contrast between the classical and positive schools and the relative costs of probation, parole, and incarceration. Additional sections describe the history and administration of the courts and probation; the development and operation of the juvenile justice system; the nature and role of presentence investigations; and issues related to the supervision of probationers. Discussions of parole explain the history of prisons and parole, the role of indeterminate sentences, and parole services and decisionmaking. Further sections focus on the theory and practice of treatment and supervision in probation and parole; the use of classification; interstate compacts; intermediate punishments; intensive supervision; shock probation, parole, and incarceration; work release; halfway houses; and research efforts and issues. Figures, photographs, illustrations, forms, chapter review questions, subject and author indexes, and 408 references