NCJ Number
65035
Date Published
1979
Length
19 pages
Annotation
THE RELATIONSHIP IS OUTLINED BETWEEN THE FUNCTIONS OF CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS AND THEORIES OF CRIMINOLOGY IN ITALY DURING 1980, AS WELL AS PROPOSED NEW DIRECTIONS.
Abstract
FOUR SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITIES (ROME, GENOA, MODENA, AND NAPLES) NOW EXIST IN ITALY TO TRAIN CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS IN VARIOUS SPECIALTIES. ALSO IN EXISTENCE ARE SOCIAL WORKERS AND TWO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTERS. THE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGIST FUNCTIONS MAINLY AS AN EXPERT CONSULTANT TO THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND MUST THEREFORE BE TRAINED IN MEDICINE. INTERVENTION IS SPORADIC, AND DIAGNOSIS RATHER THAN THERAPY IS EMPHASIZED, ALTHOUGH CRIMINOLOGISTS MAY COLLABORATE WITH CORRECTIONS PERSONNEL IN INMATE TREATMENT. CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS ARE NOT ACTIVE IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVENTION BUT MAY IN THE FUTURE SERVE AS HONORARY JUVENILE JUDGES WHO ASSIST REGULAR JUDGES. INTERACTIONISTS OPPOSE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS WHO DO NOT DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PERSONS WHO COMMIT CRIMES AND DEVIANTS, THUS CONTRIBUTING TO STIGMATIZATION AND LABELING EVEN IN PREVENTIVE PROGRAMS. NATURALISTS CRITICIZE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS FOR CONSIDERING 'DIFFERENT' BEHAVIOR AS PATHOLOGICAL AND FOR USING A SMALL GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS AS SOCIETY'S SCAPEGOATS. MOREOVER, THE MARXIST CONFLICT THEORY HOLDS THAT THE TECHNIQUES OF THE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGIST ARE DESIGNED TO MAINTAIN THE POWER OF THE DOMINANT CLASS. A STUDY OF PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIOR IN GENERAL INSTEAD OF ONLY DELINQUENCY WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS RELATING TO DELINQUENT ETIOLOGY. THE CLINICAL CRIMINOLOGISTS SHOULD AVOID TREATMENT MODELS BROAD ENOUGH TO APPLY TO ALL INSTITUTIONALIZED INDIVIDUALS AND INTERVENTIONS WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO MARGINALIZATION, SHOULD IMPROVE THEIR OWN TOLERANCE LEVELS, AND SHOULD DIRECT RESEARCH AWAY FROM PATHOLOGICAL NOTIONS OF DELINQUENCY TO SUCH MATTERS AS INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY AND IDENTITY-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS WHICH MAY THEN FOR THE NEW BASIS FOR INTERVENTION. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS PROVIDED. --IN FRENCH. (KMD)