NCJ Number
47273
Journal
Journal of Forensic Sciences Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Dated: (APRIL 1978) Pages: 292-303
Date Published
1978
Length
12 pages
Annotation
THE EXTENSION OF THE ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE (EMIT), A DRUG DETECTION METHOD USED PRIMARILY FOR URINE AND SERUM ANALYSIS, TO ANALYSIS OF DRUGS IN BLOOD, BILE, AND TISSUE IS REPORTED.
Abstract
THE EMIT METHODOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN DETAIL ELSEWHERE BY SYVA CORPORATION, THE MANUFACTURER. LYSOZYMES WITH ATTACHED DRUGS WERE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER. PROCEDURES FOR DRUG EXTRACTION, INCLUDING REAGENTS, ARE DESCRIBED FOR THE FOLLOWING DRUGS: PHENOBARBITAL, PENTOBARBITAL, MORPHINE SULFATE, CODEINE SULPHATE, HYDROMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDE, MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE, COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE, NORDIAZEPAM, DIAZEPAM, AND PROPOXYPHENE HYDROCHLORIDE. CRITERIA WHICH MUST BE MET IN EXTENDING EMIT TO THE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND TISSUES INCLUDE: THE DRUG MUST BE EXTRACTED; PARTITIONING OF NATIVE LYSOZYMES MUST BE AVOIDED OR LYSOSOMES MUST BE DENATURED BY ORGANIC SOLENT; AND THE PARTITIONING OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE LYSOZYME REACTION OR ANY OTHER INHIBITORS MUST NOT TAKE PLACE. THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT (I.E. THROUGH EXTRACTION FROM WHOLE BLOOD, BILE, OR TISSUE) SENSITIVITIES OF EMIT TO THE DRUGS ANALYZED ARE PRESENTED IN TABULAR FORM. IN GENERAL, INDIRECT EMIT SENSITIVITY IS VERY HIGH FOR MORPHINE, CODEINE, AND HYDROPOMORPHINE, GOOD FOR NORDIAZEPAM AND DIAZEPAM, AND LEAST SENSITIVE FOR COCAINE, TETRAHYDROCANNABINO (THC), PHENOBARBITAL, PROPOXYPHENE, PENTOBARBITAL, AND MERPERIDINE RESPECTIVELY. STANDARD CURVES FOR MORPHINE, PENTOBARBITAL, PHENOBARBITAL, COCAINE, HYDROMORPHONE, AND THC ARE PRESENTED TOGETHER WITH A TABLE OF SPECIMEN AMOUNTS REQUIRED, SOLVENT, PERCENT SOLVENT RECOVERY, PERCENT OF EXTRACT FOR EMIT, QUANTITATION CURVE, DRUG CONCENTRATION PER MUGRAM/ML AND DRUG CONCENTRATION PER MUGRAM/100 ML. DESPITE THE PROCEDURE'S RELATIVELY HIGH COST, LIMITED APPLICABILITY, AND LACK OF STRUCTURAL SPECIFICITY, THE INDIRECT EMIT TECHNIQUE ELIMINATES LYSOZYME INTERFERENCE IN POST MORTEM SPECIMENS, ELIMINATES INTERFERENCE FROM INHIBITORS IN TOXICOLOGICAL SPECIMENS, CONCENTRATES ON THE SPECIFIC DRUG BEING ANALYZED, CONTROLS PH AND IONIC STRENGTH, REQUIRES MINIMAL TECHNICAL SKILL, IS FASTER THAN RADIOIMMUNASSAY, QUANTITATES DRUGS, AND ALLOWS FOR THE DETECTION OF CERTAIN DRUGS THAT MAY NOT BE DETECTED BY OTHER METHODS. REFERENCES ARE INCLUDED. (JAP)