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Tablets behind bars: evidence from a staggered adoption difference-in-differences study of prison misconduct

NCJ Number
311895
Journal
Journal of Experimental Criminology Dated: 2026
Date Published
April 2026
Abstract

Objectives
Evaluate Washington’s prison-issued tablets, which aim to expand services and enhance institutional safety.

Methods
Staggered adoption difference-in-differences with monthly administrative data from 12 prisons, January 2019 - March 2023. Outcomes include total infractions, serious infractions, drug incidents, and cellphone violations. The Callaway and Sant’Anna estimator addresses treatment-effect heterogeneity, with time-varying covariates and wild cluster bootstrap standard errors. Event-study models evaluate pre-treatment trends and post-adoption changes.

Results
Tablet deployment produced consistently negative but non-significant effects, with point estimates suggesting reductions in total infractions (− 19.5%), serious infractions (− 52.6%), drug incidents (− 32.3%), and cellphone violations (− 67.6%). Event-study analyses show similar pre-treatment trends and no immediate post-adoption disruption.

Conclusions
Tablets do not compromise institutional safety in the short term. Despite methodological limitations (short follow-up period and small sample), findings suggest possible benefits to enhancing outside communication and expanding access to services. Future research should examine longer-term effects and disentangle mechanisms of change.

(Publisher abstract provided.)

Date Published: April 1, 2026